PNG & peaceful penetration

I have just begun reading this book about Papua New Guinea, it was published in 1969. Though I do not see this as the most up to date information, I do think it will still be helpful in many senses.
Here is a paragraph from the first page...

"Papua-New Guinea would be one of the last countries in the world - perhaps the very last - where genuine exploration still goes on. This is done according a unique form and tradition. The idea of 'peaceful penetration' has been applied so strictly in the territory that an officer who shoots a native, even in the extremities of self-defense, must expect to be charged later and brought before a court."